Subelliptic random walks on Riemannian manifolds and their convergence to equilibrium

In this talk, we construct a random walk on a closed Riemannian manifold associated with a second-order subelliptic differential operator and prove its convergence to equilibrium. The construction relies on a local reduction to an operator with constant coefficients, using a technique of Fefferman and Phong based on Calderón–Zygmund localization. Convergence to equilibrium is then obtained through the spectral theory of the associated Markov operator.