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Séminaire d'Analyse

On distributions determined by their upward, space-time Wiener-Hopf factor

Loïc Chaumont

( Angers )

Salle de Conférences

23 juin 2016 à 14:00

The characteristic function φ\varphi of any probability distribution μ\mu on R\mathbb{R} can be decomposed as [1−φ(t)=[1−κ+(s,t)]⋅[1−κ−(s,t)],s∈[0,1),,;t∈R[1-\varphi(t)=[1-\kappa_+(s,t)]\cdot[1-\kappa_-(s,t)],s\in[0,1),,; t\in\mathbb{R} where κ+\kappa_+ and κ−\kappa_- are respectively the upward and downward space-time Wiener-Hopf factors of μ\mu. The latter factors are defined by [kappa+(s,t)=e(sT+eitST+);\mboxand;κ−(s,t)=e(sT−eitST−)][kappa_+(s,t)=e(s^{T_+}e^{itS_{T_+}});\mbox{and};\kappa_-(s,t)=e(s^{T_-}e^{itS_{T_-}})] where (Sn)(S_n) is a random walk with step distribution μ\mu, starting at 0 and T+,T−T_+,T_- are the first passage times above and bellow 0 by (Sn)(S_n), that is T+=inf⁡{n≥1:Sn>0}T_+=\inf\{n\ge1:S_n>0\} and T−=inf⁡{n≥1:Sn≤0}T_-=\inf\{n\ge1:S_n\le0\}. We prove that μ\mu can be characterized by the sole data of the upward factor κ+(s,t)\kappa_+(s,t), s∈[0,1)s\in[0,1), t∈Rt\in\mathbb{R} in many cases including the case where 1) μ\mu has some positive exponential moments, 2) the function t↦μ(t,∞)t\mapsto\mu(t,\infty) is completely monotone on R+\mathbb{R}_+, 3) the density of μ\mu in R+\mathbb{R}_+ satisfies some conditions of analycity. We conjecture that any probability distribution is characterized by its upward factor. This conjecture is equivalent to the following: {\it Any probability measure μ\mu on R\mathbb{R} whose support is not included in R−\mathbb{R}_- is determined by its convolution iterations μ∗n\mu^{*n}, n≥1n\ge1 restricted to R+\mathbb{R}_+}. In many instances, the sole knowlege of μ\mu and μ∗2\mu^{*2} restricted to R+\mathbb{R}_+ is actually sufficient to determine μ\mu. This is a joint work with Ron Doney (Manchester University).